Note: We have tried solving the question paper in a very short time span as per our understanding and the study material we had. Feel free to contact us through comment box or through email if you have some descriptive answer.

Q1. Answer the following questions in brief                                   
A. What are the two ways by which public cloud helps the customers to reduce their IT costs?
Answer:

1. Flexible billing models enable customers to pay only for what they use.
2. It reduces the capital expenditures required for setting up the infrastructure.

 Practice Question - What are the components of a cloud computing environment?
 Answer: client, application, platform, infrastructure, server

B. What are the two limitations of SKI Virtualization?
Answer:

1. It is not possible, for instance, to run different versions or even different patch levels of a particular operating system on the same machine. 
2. Whatever versions exist in the host, that same software will be provided in the guest. SKI also sacrifices the security and reliability provided by other virtualization  methods. 

C. A company interested in cloud computing is looking for a service provider who offers a set of basic services such as virtual server provisioning and on-demand storage that can be combined into a platform for deploying and running customized applications. What type of cloud computing model fits these requirements?
Answer: Infrastructure as a Service.

D. How can a software development company leverage the PaaS cloud computing delivery model?
Answer:

Q2. Answer the following questions appropriately.
A. What is 3 - 4 - 5 rule of cloud computing?
Answer: This 3 - 4 - 5 rule stands for:

3 cloud service models
4 deployment models
5 essential characteristics of cloud computing infrastructure

RULE 3 - Cloud service models:
IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service):
The capability provided to the consumer is to provision processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which can include operating systems and applications.
The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage, deployed applications, and possibly limited control of select networking components (e.g., host firewalls)

PaaS (Platform as a Service):
The capability provided to the consumer is to deploy onto the cloud infrastructure consumer created or acquired applications created using programming languages and tools supported by the provider.
The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, or storage, but has control over the deployed applications and possibly application hosting environment configurations

SaaS(Software as a Service):
The capability provided to the consumer is to use the provider's applications running on a cloud infrastructure. The applications are accessible from various client devices through a thin client interface such as a web browser (e.g., webbased email).
The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, storage, or even individual application capabilities, with the possible exception of limited user specific application configuration settings

RULE 4 - Deployment models:
Private Cloud (Single Org)
The cloud infrastructure is operated solely for a single organization. It may be managed by the
organization or a third party, and may exist on-premises or off-premises, Also called as “Enterprise Cloud”

Community Cloud (Multiple Org)
The cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations and supports a specific community that has shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, or compliance considerations).
It may be managed by the organizations or a third party and may exist on-premises or off premises.
Public Cloud (For Public)
The cloud infrastructure is made available to the general public or a large industry group and is owned by an organization selling cloud services, Also called as “Internet Cloud”

Hybrid Cloud
The cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more clouds (private, community, or public)
Leasing public cloud services when private cloud capacity is insufficient, Also called as “Mixed Cloud”

RULE 5 - Characteristics:
On-demand self-service:
Users can provision servers and networks with little human intervention.

Broad network access:
Any computing capabilities are available over the network. Many different devices are allowed access through standardized mechanisms.

Resource pooling:
Multiple users can access clouds that serve other consumers according to demand.
Cloud services need to share resources between users and clients in order to reduce costs.

Elasticity:
Provisioning is rapid and scales out or in based on need.

Metered or measured service:
One of the compelling business use cases for cloud computing is the ability to "pay as you go“, where the consumer pays only for the resources that are actually used by his applications.

Question
Which of these is not a major type of cloud computing usage?

Select one:
a. Hardware as a Service
b. Platform as a Service
c. Software as a Service
d. Software as a Service

The correct answer is: Hardware as a Service

Question
Virtualization facilitates multiple machines on the same physical machine with

Select one:
a. Same OS & different versions
b. All of the above
c. Same OS & same versions
d. Different OS & different versions

The correct answer is: All of the above

Question
Which is not an approach to virtualization

Select one:
a. Partial virtualization
b. Lightweight virtualization
c. Full virtualization
d. Para virtualization

The correct answer is: Partial virtualization

Question
Live migration of VMs helps in

Select one:
a. Maintenance
b. Load balancing
c. All of the above
d. Availability

The correct answer is: All of the above

Question
Live migration involves

Select one:
a. Downtime of a few minutes
b. Loss of service
c. Downtime of a few milliseconds
d. No downtime

The correct answer is: Downtime of a few milliseconds

Question
Full virtualization

Select one:
a. Simulates hardware within software
b. Has VMs with the same OS
c. Clones images
d. Alters the guest OS

The correct answer is: Simulates hardware within software

Question
VMM is

Select one:
a. A virtual machine
b. Hardware
c. Host OS
d. A layer of software

The correct answer is: A layer of software

Question
VMM facilitates sharing of

Select one:
a. Memory & I/O
b. CPU, memory & I/O
c. CPU & memory
d. I/O & CPU

The correct answer is: CPU, memory & I/O

Question
The BEST way to define Virtualization in cloud computing is

Select one:
a. Virtualization enables simulating compute, network, and storage service platforms from the underlying virtual hardware
b. Virtualization enables abstracting compute, network, and storage service platforms from the underlying physical hardware
c. Virtualization enables realization of compute, network, and storage service platforms from the underlying virtual hardware
d. Virtualization enables emulating compute, network, and storage service platforms from the underlying virtual hardware
The correct answer is: Virtualization enables abstracting compute, network, and storage service platforms from the underlying physical hardware

Question
Which one of these statement is NOT fully correct

Select one:
a. Cloud is an exact equivalent of grid computing
b. Cloud makes notion of “Pay for what you use”, “infinite availability- use as much you want”.
c. Cloud can exist without Virtualization, although it will be difficult and inefficient.
d. As per NIST, one of the essential charecteristics of a cloud computing infrastructure is "Measured Service".

The correct answer is: Cloud is an exact equivalent of grid computing

Question
Which one of the followings is NOT an essential charecteristics of cloud infrastructure as per NIST?

Select one:
a. Broad Network Access
b. Resources Pooling
c. Rapid Elasticity
d. Independent of devices'form factor

The correct answer is: Independent of devices'form factor

Question
Cloud service consist of

Select one:
a. Software, Hardware, Infrastructure
b. Platform, Software, Infrastructure
c. Platform, Hardware, Infrastructure

The correct answer is: Platform, Software, Infrastructure

Question
What does Virtualization do? Select the BEST answer.

Select one:
a. Each “guest” OS is managed by a Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM), also known as a hypervisor.
b. It is a means of separating hardware from a single operating system.
c. All of the above
d. Virtualization allows multiple operating system instances to run concurrently on a single computer

The correct answer is: All of the above

Question
Which one is NOT generally a change after Virtualization?

Select one:
a. Virtual machines can be provisioned to any system
b. Hardware-independence of operating system and applications
c. Can manage OS and application as a single unit by encapsulating them into virtual machines.
d. Software and hardware tightly coupled

The correct answer is: Software and hardware tightly coupled

Question
A configured client server network is required to be provisioned. You would go for

Select one:
a. SaaS
b. IaaS
c. NaaS
d. PaaS

The correct answer is: IaaS

Question
What are the goals of Hypervisor design?

Select one:
a. Scalability
b. All of the above
c. Reliability
d. Isolation

The correct answer is: All of the above

Question
Which one of the statement is generally NOT correct for Microkernelized Hypervisor?

Select one:
a. Drivers run within guests
b. Simple partitioning functionality
c. Increase reliability and minimize lowest level of the TCB
d. Contains its own drivers model

The correct answer is: Contains its own drivers model

Question
In multiple VM processing, CPU is alloted to the different processes in form of:

Select one:
a. Space slices by the OS
b. Different CPUs are allocated to different processes
c. Time slices by the OS
d. Frequecy slices by the OS

The correct answer is: Time slices by the OS

Question
Which of the statement is generally NOT correct for Full Virtualization?

Select one:
a. This is known as hardware-assisted virtualization, and improves performance significantly
b. The biggest advantage to this approach is its flexibility.
c. There are significant performance problems in trying to emulate a complete set of hardware in software
d. Hypervisor provides a fully emulated machine in which an operating system can run

The correct answer is: This is known as hardware-assisted virtualization, and improves performance significantly

Question
Which of the following is true of cloud computing?

Select one:
a. It's always going to be less expensive and more secure than local computing.
b. Only a few small companies are investing in the technology, making it a risky venture.
c. You can access your data from any computer in the world, as long as you have an Internet connection.

The correct answer is: You can access your data from any computer in the world, as long as you have an Internet connection.

Question
Which of the following is deployment model?

Select one:
a. Public
b. Private
c. All of the above
d. Hybrid

The correct answer is: All of the above

Question
The ________ cloud infrastructure is operated for the exclusive use of an organization.

Select one:
a. All of the mentioned
b. Public
c. Community
d. Private

The correct answer is: Private

Question
Following is not a feature of Cloud Computing:

Select one:
a. Rapid Provisioning
b. On Demand
c. None of the above
d. Unambiguous
e. Shared Pool

The correct answer is: Unambiguous

Question
Cloud computing is

Select one:
a. Utility computing
b. Peer to peer computing
c. Mobile computing
d. All of these

The correct answer is: Utility computing

Question
Bare metal hypervisor sits on top of

Select one:
a. None of the above
b. Physical Hardware
c. Virtualized hardware
d. Operating System

The correct answer is: Physical Hardware

Question
In Amdahl'S law, maximum speedup of a system can be achieved using the following parameters:

Select one:
a. Number of Processors and the number of nodes in a cluster
b. Number of Processors and the amount of Memory System added
c. Number of Processors and fraction of application that needs sequential calculation
d. Number of Processors and the number of servers

The correct answer is: Number of Processors and fraction of application that needs sequential calculation

Question
Which is generally NOT a Multi-tenants Deployment Modes for Application Server

Select one:
a. Fully isolated Application server
b. Optimized Application Server
c. Virtualized Application Server
d. Shared Application Server

The correct answer is:Optimized Application Server

Question
Best-effort preemptable leases are generally defined as:

Select one:
a. A preemptable lease can be safely paused without disrupting the computation that takes place inside the lease
b. Best effort lease cannot preempted
c. A preemptable lease cannot be safely paused without disrupting the computation that takes place inside the lease
d. A preemptable lease can be paused while disrupting the computation that takes place inside the lease

The correct answer is: A preemptable lease can be safely paused without disrupting the computation that takes place inside the lease

Question
Which of the following is most refined and restrictive service model?

Select one:
a. PaaS
b. All of the mentioned
c. CaaS
d. IaaS

The correct answer is: PaaS

Question
All cloud computing applications suffer from the inherent _______ that is intrinsic in their WAN connectivity.

Select one:
a. All of the mentioned
b. Propagation
c. noise
d. latency

The correct answer is: latency

Question
Most security problems in cloud stem from
i) Loss of Control   ii) Lack of trust    iii) Multi-tenancy   iv) Private cloud

Select one:
a. ii, iii & iv
b. i, iii & iv
c. i, ii & iii
d. i, iii & iv

The correct answer is:i, ii & iii

Question
Appear IQ, Mendix, Amazon Web Services (AWS) Elastic Beanstalk, Google App Engine and Heroku, are some of the example of providing services for:

Select one:
a. IaaS
b. None
c. SaaS
d. PaaS

The correct answer is:PaaS

Question
Multi-tenancy deployment mode is

Select one:
a. Shared Application Server
b. All of the above
c. Shared  Virtual Server
d. Virtualized Application Server

The correct answer is:All of the above

Question
A threat model helps in

Select one:
a. Evaluate Solutions
b. Analysing security problems
c. Design Mitigation strategies
d. All of the above

The correct answer is:All of the above

Question
Which one is NOT a purchase model of SaaS?
Select one:
a. Subscription
b. Purchase of licenses
c. Rent
d. Lease

The correct answer is:Purchase of licenses

Question
Best-effort preemptable leases are generally defined as:

Select one:
a. A preemptable lease can be paused while disrupting the computation that takes place inside the lease
b. A preemptable lease cannot be safely paused without disrupting the computation that takes place inside the lease
c. A preemptable lease can be safely paused without disrupting the computation that takes place inside the lease
d. Best effort lease cannot be preempted

The correct answer is:A preemptable lease can be safely paused without disrupting the computation that takes place inside the lease
Question
How 'Best-Effort Lease' can be scheduled even if there are not enough resources?

Select one:
a. The use of Server suspension/resumption allows this to happen
b. The use of API allows this to happen
c. The use of VM suspension/resumption allows this to happen.
d. The use of Hypervisor suspension allows this to happen

The correct answer is:The use of VM suspension/resumption allows this to happen.

Cloud Computing in simple terms:

Welcome to Cloud Computing, The first question in our mind is - What is Cloud computing?

I am pretty sure, you also looking for the same. So we will directly jump into the interesting scenario-based language. We have tons of information from various sources as NIST(National Institute of Standards and Technology), 451 Group, analyst firm like Gartner, Wikipedia etc.

As per our information - It is very large where several services and data you access all over the network. The software and data which you access for your work doesn't exist on your computer and set on the servers. This concept of using services stored on other system called cloud computing.
There was a time when several clients want to access information from several terminals but the mainframe technology was too costly so to save money they want something new. At that time it was just a hope but now we have a cloud today.

In a simple term - It's a term for a service made available over the network on-demand for an optimized highly scalable service provider, the name cloud computing was inspired by the cloud symbol. Exact information and origin of the cloud are still debated but attributes are agreed upon.

Accessing Cloud:
We can access Cloud using various devices shown below in the diagram: